Open+Ocean+Fact

= !WELCOME TO OPEN OCEAN FACT PAGE! =

Monerans: Monerans (A.K.A. bacteria) are single celled organisms that have no nucleus and reproduce by multiplying. Some produce their own food and some absorb the food around them.
= = = =


 * __Scientific Name:__ ** //Salmonella typhimurium//


 * __Shape:__ ** Bacilli (Rod shaped)



in wild animals, domestic animals, and even pets (mostly it is found in or around the intestine). //Salmonella typhimurium// comes from under-cooked meat.
 * __Location:__ ** //Salmonella typhimurium// or //S. typhi//, for short, is located

__** Interesting Facts: **__ Did you know that Salmonella typhi causes food poisening and Salmonellosis?

**__Scientific Name:__** //Prochlorococcus marinus//



down to a depth of 200 meters.
=**Protists **=

**__Protists:__ Protists are single or multi-celled organisms that have a nucleus. Some produce their own food while some "hunt" or absorb the food around them.**
**__Algae:__**

Algae is a "plant like" organism with a cell wall, chlorophyll, and other organelles. Algae make their own food.

=**__ALGAE__ **=

Location:
//Ventricaria ventricosa// is located around the Indian Ocean to the Pacific, throughout the Caribbean, east of Samoas, and south of Australia.

__Interesting Facts:__
**Did you know that this "bubble" algae's name before was really //Valonia ventricosa//, not //Ventricaria ventricosa// ( all they did was change the Genus name)?

__Scientific Name:__ // B //// otryocladia skottsbergii

__Location:__ Botrycladia skottsbergii // is located around the Indian Ocean into the West Pacific.

__Interesting Facts:__ //Botryocladia skottsbergii// looks very similar to grapes. **

 =**__PROTOZOAN__ **=

** __Scientific Name:__ **
//** Cryptocaryon irritans **//



** __Location:__ **
**//Cryptocaryon irritans// is located on the gills or external body of a fish. //Cryptocaryon irritans// is usually comes from  contaminated bodies of saltwaters.**

**Interesting Facts:**
** Did you know that //Cryptocaryons irritans// causes the "Saltwater Ich" or White Spot Disease. **

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= Kingdom Fungi =

**__Location:__**
====** //Arthopyrenia halodytes// is found in the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea on rocks, limpet shells, and barnical plates (This is possible because the **** Mediterranean Sea and the Atlantic share a border). **====

__Kingdom:__ Fungi
__Phylum:__Basidiomycota __Class:__Basidiomycetes __Order:__ (Not Assigned) __Family:__Phyllachoraceae __Genus:__ //Mycaureola// __species:__ //dilseae//

Common Name: Parasite



Location: //Mycaureola dilseae// is located on red alga. It grows by feeding off of it, absorbing it's nutrients, this is why it is known as a parasite.

Kingdom: Fungi

 Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Chytridiomycota Class: Chytridiomycetes Order: Chytridales Family: Chytridiaceae Genus: // Rhizophydium // species: // coronum // Common Name: Unknown Location: // Rhizophydium coronum // is found in the Indian Ocean.



= =

=**CHROMALVEOLATE **= 

** This phytoplankton lives in brackish **
**waters, occur in marine waters, and fresh waters.**

//Rhodomonas salina// was fed to larvea at a science lab and they actually ate it!**
 * __Fun Fact:__

__**Class:**__ Cryptophceae __**Order:**__ Pryenomadales __**Family:**__ Geminigeraceae __**Genus:**__ //Teleaulax//
 * __Kingdom:__** Chromalveolate
 * __Phylum:__** Cryptophyta
 * __species:__** //amphioxeia//


 * __Scientific Name:__** //Teleaulax amphioxeia//



Atlantic coast of Belgium, the East Coast of the U.S.A. and some other salt water environments west coast.
 * __Location:__** It's located in the Gulf of Findland, the
 * __Fun Fact:__** It is the most common species on the Swedish


 * __Heterokontophyta__**

__**Kingdom:**__ Chromalveolate __**Phylum:**__ Heterokontophyta __**Class:**__ Bolidophyceae __**Order:**__ Bolidomonadales __**Family:**__ Bolidomonadaceae
 * __Genus:__** //Bolidomonas//
 * __species:__** //pacifica//


 * __Scientific Name:__** //Bolidomonas pacifica//
 * __Location:__** //Bolidomonas pacifica// is located in the Pacific Ocean.
 * __Fun Fact:__** The heterkonts contain more than 100,000 known species.




 ====**__Haptophyta: A group of algae in which some have two unequal flagellates. They have organelle(s) and some individual cells tend to bond together.__ **====


 * Scientific Name: **

**//Emiliania huxleyi//

__Kingdom:__ Chromalveolate __Phylum:__ Haptophyta __Class:__ Prymnesiophyceae __Order:__ Prymmesiales __Family:__ Neolaerhabdaceae __Genus:__** ** //Emiliania// __species:__ //huxleyi// **



**__Location:__ //Emiliania huxleyi// is located in the upper zones of the oceans, such as the Intertidal Zone ( top layer of the ocean) or the Pelagic Zone ( the layer under the Intertidal Zone). They are located here because they are phytoplankton and phytoplankton need sunlight to produce their food.**

Do you see those little circles on the //Emiliania//** ** //huxleyi//? Those are actually the individual cells.
 * __Fun Fact:__

__Kingdom:__ ** Chromalveolata __**Phylum:**__ Haptophyta __**Class:**__ Prymnesiophyceae __**Family:**__ Prymnesiaceae __**Genus:**__ //Prymnesium// __**species:**__ //parvum//
 * __Order:__** Prymnesiales

Fun Fact:__** Prymnesiumis parvum a concern because it can produce a toxin. It mainly kills fish, but has an affect on humans.
 * __Scientific Name:__** //Prymnesium parvum//
 * __Location:




 * __Ciliophora__**

__**Kingdom:**__ Prostista __**Phylum:**__ Ciliophora __**Class:**__ Ciliatea __**Order:**__ Peniculida __**Genus:**__ Paramecium __**Species**:__ Caudatum __**Family:**__ Parameciidae

in fresh water and in some oceans oceans. __**Fun Fact:**__ It's sometimes called the "slipper animalcules"because of their shape.
 * __Scientific Name:__** //Paramecium caudatum//
 * __Location:__** //Paramecium caudatum// is located



__**Class:**__ Prostoatea __**Genus:**__ //Cryptocaryon// Family and Order are unknown at this time.
 * __Kingdom:__** Chromalveolata
 * __Phylum:__** Ciliophor**a**
 * __species:__** //irritans//

__Location: I__**t is located in marine water. Marine Itch that effects fish, coral and invertebrats.
 * __Scientific Name:__ //Cryptocaeyon irritans//
 * __Fun Fact:__** This causes an infection commonly called

** __Heterokontophyta- Most organisms in this phylum are algae (including kelp), but some are plankton or parasites, and some produce chlorophyll while others "hunt" for food.__ **
**__Scientific Name:__** //**Fibrocapsa japonica**//

__Phylum:__ Heterokontophyta __Class:__ Raphidophyceae __Order:__ Chattonellales __Family:__ Chattonellaceae __Genus:__ //Fibrocapsa// __species:__** //**japonica**//
 * __Kingdom:__ Chromista

[[image:F.japonica_fourth.jpg width="163" height="240"]]
In temprate regions with fresh and marine waters. Places like the east coast of Asia or the Dutch coastal waters. **
 * __Location:__

Did you know that //Fibrocapsa japonica// produces a toxin that kills fish? Once this toxin even killed two seals! **
 * __Fun Fact:__

==== **Dinoflagellata- A large group of protists with flagellates. Most are marine plankton but they are common in fresh waters as well. Half af the Dinoflagellata phylum are photosynthetic, meaning they make their own food and contain chlorophyll.** ====

//Noctiluca scintillans//
 * __Scientific Name:__

__Kingdom:__ Chromalveolata __Phylum:__ Dinoflagellata __Class:__ Noctiluciphyceae __Order:__ Noctilucales __Family:__ Noctilucaceae __Genus:__ //Noctiluca// __species:__ // scintillans //



__Location:__ //Noctiluca scintillans// is located on the surface of fresh and marine waters; even on the surface of coastal waters.

__Fun Fact:__ Did you know that this agae actually gives off a soft green light? That's why it's common name is Seasparkle. **

__**Dinoflagellata- A large group of protists with flagellates. Most are marine plankton but they are also common in fresh waters. Half of the Dinoflagellatas are photosynthetic, meaning they produce their own food and have chlorophyll.**__

//**Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca**//
 * Scientific Name:**

__Phylum:__ Dinoflagellata __Class:__ Noctiluciphyceae __Order:__ Noctilucales __Family:__ Kofodiniaceae __Genus:__ //Spatulodinium// __species:__ //pseudonoctiluca// **
 * __Kingdom:__ Chromalveolata



but in the year of 2005 it didn't. **
 * __Fun Fact:__ //Spatulodinium pseudonoctiluca// blooms every year,

__**Apicomplexa- A large group of unicellelar protists with organells, and some with flagellates. They are parasites of animals.**__

__**Scientific Name:**__
 * //Cryptosporidium nasorum//

__Kingdom:__ Chromalveolata __Phylum:__ Apicomplexa __Class:__ Conoidasida __Order:__ Eucoccidiorida __Family:__ Cryptosporidiidae __Genus:__ //Cryptosporidium// __species:__ //nasorum//**



**Location: Cryptosporidium nasorum is found in fresh and marine contaminated waters. The contaminated waters contaminate the fish. Usually this parasite can be found in the intestintes.

Fun Fact: This parasite can invade birds and humans as well.**

Kingdom: Chromalveolata Superphylum:Alveolata Phylum:Apicomplexa Class:Conoidasida Order: Eugrega Family: Lecudinidae Genus: //Lecdina// species: //tuzetae

//

Location: The Aegean Sea off the coast of Turkey. Fun Fact: It is a parasite that reproduces in the intestines of small marine animals.

=** Kingdom Animalia **=

Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Cnidaria Class: Hyclrozoa Order: Siphorophora Family: Physaliidae Genus: //Physalia// species: //physalis// Common Name: Portuguese Man-Of-War Fun Fact: The toxin in the Man-Of-Wars tentacles are about 75% as powerful as cobra venom.

Location: It's located in the tropical and sub-tropical regions of the Pacific and Indian Oceans.

Definition of Cnidaria: Animals that live in water, have 2 layers of cells seperated by a jelly-like substance, and has 1 opening for food and waste.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda Family: Octopodidae Genus: //Hapalochlaena// species: //lunulata// Common Name: Blue Ringed Octopus Fun Fact: The blue ringed octopus is currentley reconized as one of the worlds most venomous animals.

Location: It is located in the western Pacific Ocean.

Definition of Mollusca: Animals that are soft bodied, have a well developed organ system, and some of them have soft shells.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Merostomata Order: Xiphosura Family: Limlidae Genus: //Limulus// species: //polyphemus// Common Name: Horseshoe Crab Fun Fact: The Horseshoe Crab can be traced back to 20 million years. Location: It is located in the Atlantic Ocean.

Definition of Athropoda: Animals that have multiple body segments, jointed appendages, and they have exoskeletons(hand outer covering for protection that is typical for athropods.)


 * Vertebrates: An animal with a backbone or spinal chord. **

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Cephalaspidomorphi Order: Petromyzontiformes Family:Petromyzontidae Genus: //Petromyzon// species: //marinus// Common Name: Sea Lamprey

Fun Fact:Secretions in the lampreys mouth prevent the victums blood from clotting.

Location: It is found in the Atlantic coast of Europe and North America.

Definition of Cephalaspidomorphi: Animals that have no appendages, it is a parasite, it has gills,it skeletons are cartilage, and it is an ectotherm (it has a body temperature the same as its  environment.)

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Reptilia Order: Testudines Family: Cheloniidae Genus: // Chelonia // species: // mydas // Common Name: Green Turtle

Fun Fact: Many islands call themselves the turtle islands because of all the turtles that nest there every year.

Location: The Green Turtle can be found in the Pacific and Atlantic Ocean.

Definition of Reptilla: Animals that are covered in plates or scales, they have lungs, and are ectotherms. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Family: Delphinidae Genus: //Stenella// species: //longirostris// Common Name: Eastern Spinner Dolphin

Fun Fact: The Spinner Dolphins spin around their axis
as they leap through the air.

Location: Their located in the eastern Pacific Ocean and off the shores of tropical waters.

Defintion of Mammalia: Animals that have an advancednervous system and brain, they feed their yound milk, have appendages, and have a well developed organ system.

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Chonrichthyes Order: Carchrhiniformaes Family: Sphrnidae Genus: //Sphyrna// species: //lewini// Common Name: Hammerhead Shark <span style="font-family: Helvetica,helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 12px; line-height: normal;">

Fun Fact: The hammer-like shape on the sharks head helps it look for food.

Location: The shark is found worldwide in warmer waters along coastlines.

Definition of Chonrichthyes: Animals that have a skeleton made of cartilage, strong jaws, gills, teeth, fleshy fins, and they lay eggs.

===__**<span style="background-color: #08e208; color: #800080; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">VERTABRATES: Any animal with a spinal chord or back bone. An endoskeleton (An internal skeletal system that supports the body) is also found in vertabrates. **__===



__Myxini:__ Myxini are the only animals to have a skull but no vertebrae. Their skeleton is made up of cartilage. Myxini or Hagfish do not have jaws.

__Common Name:__ Slime eel

__Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Myxini Order: Myxiniformes Family: Myxinidae Genus: //Myxine// species:__ //__australis__// **



In cold waters of the southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Southern Ocean, southwestern Brazil, off the coast of Chile, and other marine coasts.**
 * __Location:__

** __Mammalia:__ Any type of animal with an advanced nervous system, lungs, and appendages. All mammalia, or mammals, give birth (they do not lay eggs) and feed there young with milk. Mammals are endotherms (meaning there body stays at a constant temprature).

__Common Names:__ Fin Whale Razor Back Finner Common Rorqual Herring Whale The Grey Hound of the Sea**

Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Cetacea Family: Balaenopteridae Genus: //Balaenoptera// species:__** //**__physalus__**//
 * __Kingdom: Animalia



**__Location:__ Fin Whales are located world wide, __e__xcept in polar waters ( Most common in the Southern Hemisphere).

__Fun Fact:__ Fin Whales are the second largest animal in the world! (The Blue Whale is the biggest). In the Northern Hemisphere, Fin Whales grow up to 75ft while in the Southern Hemisphere they grow up to 85ft, Wow!**

Osteichthyes or Bony fish are a vertebrae class of fish with a skeleton composed of bone.
 * __Osteichthyes:__

__Commom Name:__ Scrawled Filefish

__Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Osteichthyes Order: Tetraodontiformes Family: Monacanthidae Genus: //Aluterus// species:__ // __scriptus__ //**



In the western and eastern Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and western Indo Pacific. **
 * __Location:__

===**<span style="background-color: #800080; color: #08e208; display: block; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; text-align: center;">INVERTEBRATES: Any animal with no spinal chord or skeletal system. Invertabrates do not have an endoskeleton. **===

** __Ctenophora:__ Ctenophora, commonly known as comb jellies, are a phylum of animals that live in marine enviroments worldwide. There bodies are a mass of jelly-like substances with one layer of cells on the outside. Animals within this phylum do not have a brain, but a simple nervous system. **

Comb Jelly
 * __ Comm on Names :__

__ Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Ctenophora__ __Class: Tentaculata__ __Order: Cydippida Family: Mertensiidae__ __Genus:__ ** **__//Mertensia// species:__** //**__ovum__**//



In areas such as Arctic waters, the East Pacific and Western Atlantic Ocean.
 * __Location:__

__Mollusca:__ Mollusca are soft bodied animals with a well developed organ system. Some have hard shells while others, like the octopus, do not.

__Common Name: Giant Pacific Octopus

Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Mollusca Class: Cephalopoda Order: Octopoda Family: Octopodidae Genus: //Enteroctopus// species:__ //__dofleini__// **



**__Location:__ Giant Pacific Octopi are located in Northern Pacific waters, along the coast of America's northwest side, and south of Japan.

__Fun Fact:__ Did you know that these type of octopi (within this genus and species) are the largest octopi found so far!**

** __Porifera:__ Poriferas are a phylum of sponges. They live in saltwater and have two layers of cells. Sponges absorb food through their pores and get rid of waste through their top. **

**__Common Names:__ Golf ball sponge Orange puffball sponge**

Phylum: Porifera Class: Demospongiae Order: Hadromerida Family: Tethyidae Genus:__** **__//Tethya// species:__** //**__aurantia__**//
 * __Kingdom: Animalia



**__Location:__ Through the world's oceans under rocks and caves.**

Links....

Click Here for Open Ocean Bibliography